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Robin Gibb
Robin Hugh Gibb (22 December 1949 - 20 May 2012) was a singer-songwriter, twin brother of Maurice Gibb, and a founding member of the Bee Gees, born in Douglas before the family emigrated. He maintained a lasting connection to the Island in later life, was made an honorary Freeman of Douglas, and opened the Rebecca House children's hospice on the Isle of Man with his wife Dwina in 2008. He was appointed CBE, and the Isle of Man Post Office issued a commemorative stamp series marking his solo career and Manx ties.
Rolt
Rolt, the London lawyer who prepared George Moore's Treasury case in 1766, and afterwards a historian of the Island. Moore engaged him during the deputations that followed the Revestment and was disappointed in what he got. The document Rolt produced dwelt on the prerogatives of the Lord rather than on the rights of the people, which was not the case Moore had gone to London to argue. His History of the Isle of Man came out in 1773, and Manx writers have used it warily ever since. He is cited on the fate of the Island's records, stating that after the capture of the Countess of Derby her house was plundered of its goods and plate, a passage the Manx Society editors set beside Seacome's account that the few records remaining on the Island at the outbreak of the civil wars were carried away by Charlotte, Countess of Derby. On another point they correct him outright: there is no truth, they say, in the statement made by Seacome, Rolt and others that the Countess was kept long confined in Castle Rushen by order of Receiver Christian. He is a standard eighteenth-century authority on the Island all the same, named with Seacome as a writer whom later editors quote in order to disagree with him.
Roper
Roper, lay Chancellor to Bishop Murray and member of the Legislative Council, who was thrown off the Manx bar and spent the next year in litigation about it. The quarrel began in the Chancery court. The Lieutenant-Governor charged him with an insult on the strength of words he had used there, in the course of a comparison between the length of the articles served by clerks to Dumbell and to Bluett, and expelled him from the Manx bar. Bishop Murray wrote to the Home Secretary about it in July 1825, twice within three days, sending first the fact of the expulsion of his lay Chancellor and then a statement of the words themselves. The Lieutenant-Governor's own account went to the Home Office in the same month and was referred to the Law Officers for their opinion, and the papers printed in the Douglas newspapers went with it. He then went after his opponents in the courts. In 1826 he preferred charges against John Christian of Fort Ann, who was acquitted of them on 30 June, that acquittal being Christian's first act since his own re-admission to the bar. Christian called it a most malicious prosecution and asked that Mr Peel be got to see Colonel Goldie about Roper's conduct. The trial of Roper against Christian was reported at length in the Manks Advertiser, and cuttings were sent to the Home Office.
Samuel Ally
Samuel Ally appears in connection with the career of Colonel Mark Wilks and the history of British India and St Helena.
Samuel Norris
Samuel Norris (11 July 1875 - d. unknown) was born in Tyldesley, Lancashire, and moved to the Isle of Man at 19 to work as a newspaper reporter, becoming the leading Manx political reformer of the early 20th century. In 1903 he founded the Manx National Reform League to campaign against the unelected power of the Governor and Council, and after his 1919 election to the House of Keys for North Douglas he drove through reforms including old-age pensions and the Married Women's Property Act. His memoirs remain a key primary source for early 20th-century Manx constitutional history.
Sidney Swann
Sidney Ernest Swann (24 June 1890 - 19 September 1976) was born at Sulby, Lezayre, the son of a rowing clergyman who had served as a missionary in Japan, and became the first Manx-born Olympic gold medallist as the sole Cambridge man in the Leander Club eight that won rowing gold for Great Britain at the 1912 Stockholm Olympics (he added a silver in the eight at Antwerp 1920). He later followed his father into the church, serving as a WWI chaplain and Archdeacon in Nairobi and Egypt, before becoming Chaplain to King George VI in 1941 and first principal of the RAF Chaplains' School at Cambridge in 1943. No other Manx-born athlete won Olympic gold until Peter Kennaugh in 2012.
Sir Charles Frederick
Sir Charles Frederick (c. 1709-1785), Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, and one of the two trustees in whose names the Isle of Man was bought for the Crown. The Revestment was carried through by way of a trust. Viscount Stormont, with the privity and approbation of James, Duke of Atholl, nominated Frederick and Edmund Hoskins of Lincoln's Inn to fill the places of Archibald, Duke of Argyll, and John Sharpe, both of whom had died. By a deed poll of 8 July 1762 John Wood, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Island, re-enfeoffed the Isle to Stormont, Frederick and Hoskins as trustees. The contract with the Commissioners of the Treasury of 7 March 1765 was made between four of the Commissioners on the one part and the Duke and Duchess of Atholl with Frederick and Hoskins their trustees on the other, for the absolute purchase of the Island with its dependencies. It provided that on payment by the King into the Bank of England of seventy thousand pounds, in the names of the Duke and Duchess, Sir Charles Frederick and Edmund Hoskins, or the survivors of them, free and clear of all taxes, impositions, fees and other deductions, the Isle of Man should vest unalienably in the Crown, and that the cashier's receipt should be a sufficient discharge to His Majesty. He sat for Queenborough, and the parliamentary lists give him as surveyor-general of the ordnance and comptroller of the laboratory at Woolwich. He was made a Knight of the Bath in 1761, and was succeeded in the surveyor-generalship by Mr Pelham. He answered for the Ordnance in the Commons during the American war. Pressed in 1778 on why so much artillery had been sent and so many men with it, he explained that sending the artillery companies out in three separate bodies to serve under as many generals in different places had cost twice what it would have done had they served as one corps. In the debate on the defence of Plymouth he maintained, against members who said the place would have surrendered without firing a gun, that there were at least seventy rounds of powder on the island of St Nicholas, and that a carpenter could have made up the small stores in a quarter of an hour.
Sir Fletcher Norton
Attorney-General who drew the Act vesting the sovereignty of the Isle of Man in the Crown, and afterwards Speaker of the House of Commons. The Revesting Act was his drafting, and the speed of it became the standing Manx complaint. The letter which set the terms is dated 27 February 1765 and the revestment followed on 5 March. A witness before the Commissioners of Inquiry in 1792 traced every internal mischief he complained of to the shortness of that interval, and reported having heard Norton declare that he knew nothing about the Isle of Man beyond the government's full intention to prevent future injury to the revenue. A quarter of a century later the Commons was still trying to recover what had been meant. In the debate of 1791 on the Duke of Atholl's claims, a member observed that Norton, as the Attorney-General who drew the bill, could best have told the House what government had in contemplation at the time, and that his opinion could not be discovered. His English career is the better documented. He was already prominent enough in 1764 for Charles Yorke to spend four hours with him arguing that in accepting office Yorke would be doing him an essential service, a conversation in which Norton said little but enough to lead the other on. He was afterwards Speaker. As Speaker he signed the warrant against the printer Miller in 1771, and the Lord Mayor discharged the prisoner on the ground, among others, that it did not appear that the Fletcher Norton who signed was the Sir Fletcher Norton who was Speaker of the House of Commons. He was still in the chair, and still intervening in debate on his own account, through the closing years of the American war.
Sir James Gell
Attorney-General of the Isle of Man, and the lawyer whose reading of the Manx constitution later writers defer to. He began as High Bailiff of Castletown, and in that character edited Deemster Parr's Abstract of the Laws, Customs and Ordinances of the Isle of Mann for the Manx Society from the unpublished manuscript. He thought Parr's work the standard authority as to the common law of the Island, and regretted that it had never been printed. His own account of the legal side of the constitution became the standard in its turn. A modern writer, declining to argue the Atholl compensation disputes over again, says simply that the legal aspects of the constitution have been made the subject of a single work by Sir James Gell and that he has commented on the disputes adequately already. Moore and Walpole both quote him as an authority on points of Manx history rather than merely of law. He judged that the Stanley succession case was purposely protracted until 1609, when the youngest of Earl Ferdinando's daughters came of age. He dismissed Seacome's story that Earl William had been so long abroad that few could identify him on his return, on the ground that William Stanley had been governor of the Island from 1592 to 1594 and was therefore perfectly well known there. As Attorney-General he fought the Island's corner on the reach of its own legislature. The Law Officers in England had advised that the Insular Legislature had no power to legislate on a particular matter even with the consent of the Crown, and that an Act of the Imperial Parliament was needed. Gell prepared the case in answer, resting on the numerous precedents of insular legislation affecting Crown rights. He sat as a judge as well. In one case under an Act of 1691 he held that where a brewery had lent money to a publican and in the same deed tied him to buy its beer, the profit on the beer was an indirect return upon the loan, and the whole loan, principal and interest, was void. He was a public figure in the ordinary way too. In February 1872, as Attorney-General, he attended the thanksgiving service at St Paul's for the recovery of the Prince of Wales with the senior member of the Keys and the Speaker, the three of them driving there in a carriage with the Three Legs painted on the panel, a symbol then almost unknown in London which attracted considerable attention. He was elected one of the lay representatives of the diocese of Sodor and Man on the Central Council of Diocesan Conferences. His firm, Gell and Gill, formed with his second cousin who had studied law with him and was admitted to the Manx bar in 1864, did a very large business until the partnership ended about 1882.
Sir John Cust
Speaker of the House of Commons through the years of the Revestment, and the friendliest ear the Manx delegation found in London. He was returned for Grantham and chosen Speaker in 1761, selected for the chair by Lord Bute on account of his Tory politics. One account describes him as a country gentleman of good family and large estates and of an amiable disposition. Horace Walpole allowed that, bating his nose, the chair seemed to be well filled. He was re-elected Speaker in 1768, resigned in 1770, and was succeeded by Sir Fletcher Norton, whom the Duke of Grafton pressed to take the chair on Cust's death. When George Moore came over from Peel on the Keys' business, Cust was the one man among all those he approached who was warm in his sympathy. He showed great kindness and consideration, advised on the form and matter of the memorial, and was afterwards thanked by the Keys. He was also honest about the prospects. When Chatham reappeared in London in March, having been absent and the business delayed, both the Duke of Atholl and Cust told Moore that all hope of anything being done that session was gone, and Moore went home. In the chair he was a stickler for form. When Grenville moved to amend a resolution so that troops kept up in America should be paid by America, Cust told the House he thought himself obliged in point of duty to say he doubted whether the amendment could be received consistently with its rules, citing the resolution of 18 February 1667 on motions for charges upon the people.
Sir John Stanley
First of the Stanley Lords of Mann, and the name borne by both the grantee of 1405 and the son who put the Island's laws into writing. Henry IV had granted the Island to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. On Percy's treason the King seized it back, and in 1405 granted it to Sir John Stanley for life. That grant was surrendered, and in 1406 the King made a fresh grant to Sir John and his heirs and assigns, subject to the service of rendering two falcons to the King of England on the day of his coronation. The Chronicle of Man gives the date as 1403, which the Manx Society editor judged incorrect. Chaloner, who also gives 1403, describes him as Treasurer of the King's household, and elsewhere he appears as Lieutenant of Ireland. The Island had first been ordered to be seized into the hands of Sir John Stanley and Sir William Stanley for the King's use only. The grant was made before the Earl of Northumberland was attainted, which left the Stanley title of doubtful legality. The defect went unnoticed until Elizabeth's reign, when the dispute broke out between the heir male and the heirs general. In the litigation of 1608 between the Earl of Derby and the Earls of Salisbury and Suffolk, the judges found that the grant to Sir John Stanley was warranted by the common law of England, and decided for the Stanleys. The succession itself was settled on the same ground, in favour of the heirs general. From 1405 to 1829 the charter of Henry IV was, in the words of the Manx Society's editor, the helm of the kingdom of Man and the Isles. It was the second Sir John Stanley who made the record. Coming to the Island in 1417, he assembled the worthiest of the land to meet his Deemsters and declare what was the law and the constitution of old time, and had it committed to writing. Two of his earliest documents survive in Castle Rushen, and a facsimile of that of 18 January 1417 was printed by the Manx Society. Until then the law had been breast law, locked in the memories of the Deemsters and Keys, and the Manx Society's editors were still complaining in the 1870s that the early statutes had been imperfectly printed. He returned in 1422 and held a court at the Hill of Reneurling, called Cronk Urleigh, on the Tuesday after the Feast of St Bartholomew, described in the record as before our doughtful lord, Sir John Stanley, King of Man and the Isles. The ecclesiastical barons were summoned to do fealty for their holdings. Three submitted. The five who were not in the Island were called and did not come, and their Manx possessions were confiscated. In the same assembly the Deemsters and Keys declared that there had never been twenty-four Keys in certainty since they were first called Taxiaxe. They also told him how a king should appear on a Tynwald day, in his royal array, by the prerogatives and regalities of Mann, with his sword borne before him point upward. The sword of state carried before him at that first Tynwald is still kept in the Rolls Office. He brought over Michael Blundell of Lancashire as Governor, sent John Fasakerly as Lieutenant in 1418, and later Henry Byron in 1428. A nineteenth-century editor judged that under him the liberties of the Manx church were curtailed and its bishops became the nominees of the Lord of the Isle, anticipating in Man by a century the royal supremacy asserted in England under Henry VIII.
Sir Stephen le Scrope
Sir Stephen le Scrope served as a deputy or agent in the administration of the Isle of Man during the le Scrope lordship. His connection relates to the period when Sir William le Scrope held the lordship of Mann before his execution in 1399.
Sir William le Scrope
Lord of Mann in the 1390s, who bought the Island and lost it with his head. He was vice-chamberlain to Richard II, and later Earl of Wiltshire. In 1393 he bought the Isle of Man from the son of the Earl of Salisbury, stepping into the place of the Montacutes. Coke, quoted in the Manx Society volumes, recorded the purchase in a form which mattered to later Manx argument: whoever is lord of that Island is called King, and may lawfully be crowned with a golden crown. Caught in the quarrel between Richard II and Henry Bolingbroke, he was beheaded in July 1399 by Bolingbroke's supporters, and his estates were forfeited to the Crown for high treason. The manner of that forfeiture became the Crown's own account of its title. Henry IV granted the Island to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, reciting that it had belonged to Sir William le Scrope deceased, whom the King had lately conquered and decreed conquered, and had by reason of that conquest seized into his hands. When Percy in turn rebelled, the letters patent of 6 April, 7 Henry IV, granted the Island to Sir John Stanley to hold as fully as le Scrope or any other Lord had held it, rendering two falcons.
Sir William Stanley
Sir William Stanley (c. 1435-1495), brother of Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby, whose intervention at Bosworth decided the battle. The consequences of that intervention were long remembered on both sides. The death of the Duke of Norfolk in the battle was imputed to Sir William Stanley, and a feud ran between the Howards and the Stanleys from Bosworth onward, so that the Howards were slow to admit how much they owed the Stanleys for the later victory at Flodden. A Lord Derby put it plainly enough: my uncle slew his father dear, he would have avenged him on me. Sir William's own end came ten years after Bosworth, when he was executed for treason, and John Ford afterwards made his fate part of the play of Perkin Warbeck. A different and earlier Sir William Stanley matters more to the Island. Sir John Stanley the first, who was the first King or Lord of Man under the grant of Henry IV, was the second son of a Sir William Stanley. That Sir John was knighted by Edward III, made Governor or Lieutenant of Ireland by Richard II about 1379, held the office until 1389, was appointed Lord Justice of Ireland in 1390, and appears never to have visited the Island at all.
Solomon Abrahams
Solomon Abrahams was a member of the small Jewish community that lived on the Isle of Man.
Sophia Morrison
Sophia Morrison (24 May 1859 - 14 January 1917) was a Manx cultural activist and folklore collector born in Peel, best remembered for her 1911 book Manx Fairy Tales. A founding member of Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh (the Manx Language Society) in 1899, she served as its secretary from 1901 until her death and edited its journal Mannin from 1913. She is considered one of the key figures of the early Manx cultural revival and represented the Island at the 1901 Pan-Celtic Congress in Dublin.
Spencer Walpole
Historian of the Isle of Man, whose Land of Home Rule remains one of the two standard nineteenth-century accounts. The book appeared in 1893 and is cited throughout the Manx literature that followed. A. W. Moore, prefacing his own schoolbook history, sent readers who wanted a completer view of the whole course of Manx history to the fuller works written by Sir Spencer Walpole and by himself. Later compilers use Walpole's chapters as the standard reference: chapter XIII for smuggling and the attitude of Tynwald to it, chapter XIV for the sale of the Island, chapter XVII for the modern legislature. His formulation on smuggling is the one Manx writers quote. Smuggling, he wrote, paradoxical as the statement may seem, has in every country been the creation of law, since the difficulties law imposed and the exactions it levied on the trader had alone called the smuggler into being and made his calling profitable.
St Bridget
St Bridget, the Irish saint who came to the Isle of Man to take the veil, and to whom the Nunnery at Douglas was ascribed. The Manx tradition puts her at Maughold. It was in his retirement there that St Bridget, one of the tutelar saints of Ireland, came to receive the veil of virginity from his hands, and the Manx writers cite her nephew Cogitosus, who wrote her life, as their authority for it. The priory followed from the visit. The Nunnery at Douglas was said to have been built by St Bridget when she came over for the veil, and the Prioress of Douglas was a Baroness of the Island with the privileges that went with it: she could hold the Lord's Court for her own tenants and try them by a jury of her own tenants, as the steward of the Abbey lands still could in the seventeenth century. The antiquaries thought the situation of the Nunnery much the pleasantest in the Island, and one of them wondered whether the same ground had been the seat of the Druidesses described by Mela before she founded her house there. Her day was kept in the Island until modern times. Laa'l Breeshey, the eve of the first of February, was observed in honour of the Irish lady who came over to receive the veil from St Maughold, and the custom was to gather a bundle of green rushes and stand with them at the door. The weather sayings reckon two-thirds of the year's bad weather to fall between St Thomas's day and St Bride's.
St Maughold
St Maughold, bishop and patron of the Diocese of Sodor and Man, who came ashore in a leather boat with irons on his hands and feet. The Manx accounts agree on the manner of his arrival. After Germanus died, St Patrick sent over two bishops, Conindrius and Romulus, and during their government Maughold was cast in upon the Island in a little leathern boat, his hands manacled and bolts on his feet. He told them he had been a captain of robbers in Ireland and that he had undergone this voluntarily, and the bishop received him with admiration and pity. He retired to a cave in the mountain, and afterwards became bishop by the universal suffrage of the Manx nation, though by whom he was consecrated is very uncertain. The name is written variously as Macfield, Machilla and, by the Latin authors, Macutus, and one catalogue of the bishops of Man gives Machilla or St Maughold at 518. The Manx ballad credits him with the parishes. It says that Maughold came on shore at the Head and built a church with a yard around it at the place he meant to live, and that the chapels which St German had ordered for the people to come and pray in he put together, a parcel of them into one, and so made regular parishes. He died and was laid in his own church at Maughold Head, and the next bishop after him was Lonnan. He was long remembered. Camden's account of the Island records that the Manx own St Patrick for their apostle and hold him in the greatest veneration, and that next to him they honour the memory of St Maughold, one of their own bishops, whose feast they never fail to celebrate twice a year. St Maughold's Cross stands at the gate of the parish churchyard, which was the reputed sanctuary for criminals in old time, and it is the one relic on the Island on which the three legs is carved. The pillar carries no date. The Maughold Barony remained one of the Island's manorial baronies, and the number of customary tenants in it was too small to form a jury, so no court was ever held for it.
St Patrick
St Patrick, whom the Manx own for their apostle. The tradition the Manx sources follow is that he converted the Island about the year 447 and left one Germanus as its bishop. Camden had placed the institution of the see elsewhere, and his Manx editors confute him on the authority of both the Irish and the Manx tradition of the first conversion, and of all the historians who have written Patrick's life. Germanus settled the Christian religion in the Island, and the account adds that it never afterwards relapsed. Those who refused Patrick banished from the Island, and after three years he went over to Ireland. When Germanus died he sent two more bishops, Conindrius and Romulus, of whom the tradition says little except that one or both of them survived Patrick by five years, which puts it at 494. He displaced the older order. Mannanan, the pagan who reigned many years and kept the Island under a mist by his necromancy, and who could make one man seem a hundred if he dreaded an enemy, is said to have been converted to Christianity by St Patrick. His name is on the Island still. Peel Castle stands on St Patrick's Isle, and the Manx weather sayings set his day against St Bridget's: if the bird crow on Bride's day, she will cry before St Patrick's day.
Steve Joughin
Steve Joughin (born 23 June 1959 in Douglas) is a Manx former professional road cyclist who represented the Isle of Man at the 1978 and 1982 Commonwealth Games after coming through the Manx Road Club. He became the first Manxman to win the British professional road race title, taking the national championship in 1984 and 1988, and won stages of the Milk Race and Kellogg's Tour of Britain before retiring in 1991 with around 80 professional victories.
Tehi Tegi
Tehi Tegi ('beautiful gatherer') is a figure from Manx folklore, an enchantress said to have lured the men of the Island away from their farms and families with her beauty before drowning them or otherwise bringing about their ruin, then escaping as a wren (in some tellings, banished by the sea-god Manannan). Her legend is the traditional origin story given for 'Hunt the Wren', the Manx custom performed every 26 December in which the wren is hunted and paraded, treated in local tradition as though describing a real, if ancient, historical episode.
The Jury that Convicted Illiam Dhône (1662)
The six men who found William Christian, Illiam Dhône, a traitor. The verdict was taken at Rushen Sheading in open court in 1662, in the presence of Robert Calcott the Coroner, before Richard Stevenson as Deputy Lieutenant of the Isle and Receiver, with the Deemsters John Christian and Thomas Norris and all the officers there present. Six lawful men were sworn. Three are described in the record as soldiers: Richard Halsall, Peter Robinson and Robert Shimmin. Three are described as husbandmen of the parish of St Lupus, that is Malew, in which Castle Rushen stands: William Wattleworth, Thomas Clarke and John Cottier. Being sworn as required, the jurors found by several depositions, proofs and evidences that William Christian late of Ronaldsway, gentleman, was a traitor for his insurrection and treachery. That single entry is the whole of the record. Beyond their six names, their two occupations and the one parish, nothing is known of any of them from the Manx sources, and none of the six can be traced further with any confidence. The panel is worth knowing as a panel: three soldiers of the garrison and three farmers from the parish of the castle, which is how a capital verdict was got in the Island in 1662. The court had prepared the ground. On 26 November 1662 the Deemsters and Keys had been asked in writing what the law deemed against a person indicted for any crime who refused to come to the bar, and had answered that such a person was in the mercy of the Lord for life and goods, as they found by ancient records. On 13 November Deemsters John Christian and Thomas Norris had declared, on the advice of as many of the twenty-four Keys as were then present, that Christian was to be tried by the enquest. Sentence of death was pronounced on 31 December 1662 and he was shot at Hango Hill on 2 January 1663. On 5 August 1663 the King's Council ordered full restitution of the estates to his heir, and the two Deemsters who had decreed his death were committed to the King's Bench.
Thomas Christian, Chickahominy Patent (1657)
Thomas Christian, named in the Chickahominy patent in Virginia in 1657, of the Manx Christian connection that settled in the colony. The family's Manx origin is on record. In 1655 two brothers, William and Jonathan Christian of Maughold, went out to Virginia, and a family of Cottiers from Lezayre went at the same time, the two afterwards intermarrying. The Christians acquired considerable tracts of land there, and their descendants came to be possessed of an ample fortune. A patent of 1657 falls within that first decade of the family's settlement.
Thomas Clarke
Merged. This man was one of the six jurors who found William Christian, Illiam Dhône, a traitor in 1662. The whole of the record concerning him is the single line of the verdict naming that jury, so the account is now held under one item, The Jury that Convicted Illiam Dhône (1662), rather than divided among six near-empty records. See that item.