People
- Title
- People
- Description
- Historical figures connected to the Isle of Man across all periods
Items
Charles II
Merged. This collection carried two items for Charles II. The account is now held under the other, which sets out the Manx documentary record: William Christian's own petition to the King of 1660, the Privy Council hearing of 5 August 1663 ordering restitution of his estates, the committal of the two Deemsters who had decreed his death, and the warrant to apprehend Governor Nowell. See that item.
Charles Lutwidge
Crown revenue officer appointed Receiver-General and Collector of the Isle of Man immediately after Revestment.
Lutwidge was already serving as Surveyor-General and Supervisor for the coasts of Cumberland and Westmorland when Crown control of the Island began in 1765. A Treasury record notes that he was sworn as Receiver-General and Collector of His Majesty’s revenues in Mann on 21 June that year.
His work centred on establishing the new revenue system. In 1767 he submitted accounts covering receipts from imports, exports and the herring custom from May 1765 onwards, together with salaries and incidental expenditure. He also claimed £765 for his own attendance and expenses, and those of the Douglas Comptroller, while a further bill relating to the Isle of Man passed through Parliament. The Customs Commissioners wrote that their experience of him gave them no doubt that he had carried out his trust with “diligence, and Integrity”.
Lutwidge’s authority repeatedly brought him into conflict with the Governor and older Manx offices. In 1771 Governor John Wood complained about the revenue department’s interference with the Water-Bailiff’s jurisdiction. Lutwidge defended the commissions under which Crown revenue officers were acting and set out his understanding of the Water-Bailiff’s admiralty powers and place in the legislative body.
Later administrative records identify Lutwidge as both Surveyor-General and Receiver-General. A State Paper calendar notes that he died in 1784.
Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby
Eighth Earl of Derby and Lord of Mann, under whom William Christian was tried and shot.
His mandate, dated at Lathom in September 1662, directed that Christian be proceeded against for all his illegal acts at, before or after 1651. In the December of that year, at Castle Rushen, seven of the twenty-four Keys were removed from the House by his order, and a modern historian reads that removal as securing a unanimous decision in the Lord's favour in the case then before them. Christian was shot at Hango Hill on 2 January 1662-3.
The Earl's business with the Christians did not end there. Writing from Derby House on 22 June 1663 to Sir Henry Bennet, Principal Secretary of State, he asked for the King's commands concerning George Christian, and for the dismission of certain persons then in town, whose absence from the Island he thought would secure its peace and its allegiance to the King.
Charles Yorke (Home Office)
Charles Yorke, the Home Office official through whom the Isle of Man's correspondence passed.
He served in the Northern Department of the Home Office under Lord Hawkesbury in the early 1800s, and it was to him that the various reports and letters from the Manx Governors were directed. The Island's business reached the Secretary of State through that department, so the Lieutenant-Governor's despatches, the Duke of Atholl's complaints and the appointments to the Manx bench all crossed his desk in those years.
That is the whole of him in the Manx record: one editorial note identifying the channel. The office matters more than the man, and it is given here because the channel itself is worth knowing.
Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl
Heiress through whom the Stanley title to the Lordship of Man passed into the Atholl family and one of the parties to the 1765 Revestment.
Charlotte was the only surviving daughter of James Murray, second Duke of Atholl, and inherited through her mother, Amelia Stanley, the Stanley claim to Mann. The succession placed her in the line descending from the Earls of Derby who had held the Island for generations.
She married her cousin John Murray, third Duke of Atholl, in 1753. Later Manx accounts identify Charlotte as Duchess of Atholl and Baroness Strange and describe the Lordship of Man as passing to her through the female Stanley line.
In 1765 she and her husband negotiated with the British government over the surrender of the sovereign rights attached to the Lordship. The resulting agreement was confirmed by Act of Parliament. The Crown paid £70,000 for the rights transferred under the purchase.
The transfer did not remove every Atholl interest in Mann. Later documents distinguish between the sovereign rights surrendered in 1765 and other proprietary, ecclesiastical and landed interests retained by the family.
Contemporary Manx liturgical material still reflected Charlotte’s position immediately before Revestment. The Manx Prayer Book included prayers for “the Lord and Lady, and Rulers of this Isle”, preserving the proprietary household within the Island’s public worship.
Chris Killip
Christopher David Killip (11 July 1946 - 13 October 2020) was born in Douglas, where his parents ran the Highlander pub, and left school at 16 to work as a beach photographer before moving to London in 1964. He returned repeatedly to document the Island, publishing Isle of Man: A Book about the Manx (1980) with text by critic John Berger, before becoming internationally recognised for In Flagrante (1988), his study of Tyneside's working-class communities, which won him the 1989 Henri Cartier-Bresson Award; he later taught photography at Harvard University from 1991 to 2017.
Christopher Hampton
Christopher Hampton of Kirk Braddan petitioned Bishop Thomas Wilson shortly after the Bishop's arrival on the Isle of Man. Hampton's wife had been convicted of lamb stealing and sentenced to seven years' penal servitude, and he sought the Bishop's licence for a second marriage in consideration of his motherless children. Wilson granted the petition on 26 May, an early demonstration of the pastoral pragmatism that would characterise his episcopacy.
Colonel Duckenfield
Colonel Robert Duckenfield (c.1619-1689) was the Parliamentary commander who received the surrender of the Isle of Man in 1651. After William Christian (Illiam Dhone) led the Manx people in rising against the Stanley garrison, Duckenfield crossed from Lancashire to take possession of the Island. Charlotte de la Trémouille held out briefly in Castle Rushen and Peel Castle before negotiating terms. Duckenfield's arrival marked the end of direct Stanley rule and the beginning of the Interregnum on the Island.
The Countess tried to trade the Island for her husband's life. The Earl had written to her from prison advising her to comply, and on receiving the letter she thought it prudent to do so, sending her servant Broyden with letters to Duckenfield, the Commander in Chief appointed for the expedition against the Island, treating about its rendition on condition that the Earl might be released. It was too late. The Earl had been beheaded some days before the letter reached her.
His chaplain was used on the Earl as well. Mr Slater, Duckenfield's chaplain, came to him from the Governor to persuade him that his life was in no danger, and the Earl heard the discourse patiently but did not believe a word of it, being resolved not to be deceived.
He reported to London on the spoils. John Bradshaw wrote to him in 1651 acknowledging his letter of 3 December with papers enclosed concerning the goods in the Isle of Man likely to be prize, and noting that this and his other letters since the taking of the place had been referred on.
Colonel Edward Smith
Governor-in-Chief of the Isle of Man in the later 1770s and early 1780s.
Smith succeeded John Wood as Governor-in-Chief while Richard Dawson continued to act as Lieutenant-Governor. The surviving correspondence shows that Smith spent significant periods away from the Island, with day-to-day administration often left to Dawson.
His letters nevertheless dealt directly with Manx government. In July 1777 he wrote to the Earl of Suffolk about the customs establishment and proposed changes to its organisation. Other correspondence records his involvement in transmitting Manx legislation and in discussions over the relationship between the Governor, Council, Deemsters and Keys.
Smith also intervened in questions of coinage. In January 1779 he wrote concerning the need for new copper coin for the Island. He explained that Manx governors had previously arranged coinage by contract and asked that the Treasury determine how the new issue should be handled.
The 1792 inquiry later examined Smith’s period in office critically. One account stated that he had arrived as a stranger to Manx manners, laws and customs and had possessed the government only a few weeks when disputes arose over constitutional practice.
Smith’s own 1783 correspondence shows him preparing to return to Mann and asking whether governors were normally favoured with the King’s portrait to carry to their government.
Colonel Mark Wilks
Colonel Mark Wilks (1759-1831) was born at Kirk Michael Vicarage, the son of the Reverend James Wilks. He served in the Madras army and was Political Resident at the Court of Mysore before being appointed Governor of St Helena by the East India Company in 1813. He was governor when Napoleon arrived in exile in 1815, and the two men developed a mutual respect. Napoleon later lamented his replacement by the rough and tactless Sir Hudson Lowe. Wilks was also a member of the House of Keys and Speaker, and a distinguished oriental scholar and historian.
He came home to the Island and took up its business. He lived at Kirby near Douglas. On 16 October 1817, when the House of Keys inspected its own building and found it not only unfit but imminently unsafe, the members resolved that Mark Wilks and John Christian should form the deputation to wait on the Lieutenant-Governor and impress on him the urgent necessity of soliciting the Secretary of State for an immediate order to rebuild it. He was still in public life in December 1826, when he appears in the list of magistrates for Braddan.
He wrote on Manx history too, and the Manx did not thank him for it. He is taken to be the author of the anonymous tract on the characters in Peveril of the Peak, privately printed and very sparingly circulated, and afterwards reprinted in an appendix to the introduction of the last edition of that novel and in Forsyth's Antiquary's Portfolio of 1825, along with the Lament for Illiam Dhone and the Privy Council's order of 5 August 1663. One editor remarks that Sir Walter Scott took all its statements upon trust and entirely mistook some of the principal characters. The Manx Society's editors were sharper: Colonel Wilks, they wrote, was neither a stranger nor unacquainted with the laws and customs of his native country, and so could not have been induced from any motive to pen the erroneous statements the pamphlet contains.
The family produced other men of note. His sister Margaret married the Rev. Thomas Cubbon, and their seventh child was Sir Mark Cubbon, born at the vicarage of Maughold on 23 August 1775, who served sixty years in India. Sir Mark Wilks Collet, Governor of the Bank of England, was a Manxman by descent connected with this family and, it was believed, with the Corletts of Loughan-y-yei in Lezayre.
Colonel William Christian (Virginia)
Colonel William Christian (1743-1786) was a frontier soldier and politician in colonial Virginia, descended from the Christian family of the Isle of Man. He married Anne Henry, sister of the revolutionary patriot Patrick Henry, and served as a colonel in the American War of Independence, leading campaigns against the Cherokee. He was killed by Native Americans in 1786.
Columba
Columba (c. 521-597), also known as Colm Cille, was an Irish monk who founded the monastery of Iona and is credited with spreading Christianity across Scotland and the wider Irish Sea region. In Manx tradition, his mission is associated with the early Christianisation of the Island, and several keeills (early chapel sites) bear associations with the Columban tradition.
Constance Radcliffe
Constance Radcliffe (1921 - 6 January 2004) was a Ramsey-born historian, educated at Ramsey Grammar School and the University of Liverpool, who taught Latin and history before returning to teach at the Buchan School and Ramsey Grammar School. Working with her husband Bill Radcliffe, she wrote what are considered the definitive local histories of her home town, Ramsey 1600-1800 (1986) and Shining by the Sea: A History of Ramsey 1800-1914 (1989), and helped preserve the Anglo-Manx dialect through cassette recordings of Manx poets and writers. She received the Reih Bleeaney Vanannan award in 1989 and was appointed MBE in 1996 for her contribution to Manx culture.
Daniel Laimster
Daniel Laimster petitioned against William Cashin for assault on 27 May 1765, just ten days after the Revestment Act took effect. The petition's timing reflects the social disruption that accompanied the Crown's takeover of the Island.
Daniel Mylrea
The Rev. Daniel Mylrea, Archdeacon of the Isle of Man, who acted for the poor clergy in the settlement with the Duke of Atholl.
He was a son of the Rev. William Mylrea, vicar of Kirk Andreas, who died in 1787, and it was he who did the duty of that parish for Lord George Murray after his father's death.
As Archdeacon he was one of the parties to the long negotiation over the tithes and the clergy's incomes. He joined Claudius, Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, in filing a bill on behalf of the poor clergy, the ministers of the Gospel resident and exercising their ministerial functions within the Island, and on behalf of the master of the Free School. He was named in the Articles of Agreement of 26 June 1811 between the Duke of Atholl, the Earl of Derby, Bishop Claudius, Lord Stanley, Mylrea himself, William Scott the Receiver-General and John Cosnahan, made on behalf of themselves and the clergy of the Island, and printed by the King's printers. The arrangement provided for raising sixteen thousand pounds of lawful money of Great Britain, with interest from the date of the Articles, to be paid to the Duke, the Bishop, Mylrea, Scott and Cosnahan and their successors, and applied as the agreement directed. The parties said their object was to prevent any litigation that might thereafter arise.
David Christian (Trafalgar)
David Christian was a Manx sailor who served at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and lost his left arm below the elbow during the engagement.
David Murray, Viscount Stormont
David Murray, 2nd Viscount Stormont (1727-1796), later 7th Earl of Mansfield, was a British diplomat and politician connected to the Murray family's interests in the Isle of Man. As a relative of the Dukes of Atholl, he was involved in the political affairs surrounding the lordship of Mann during the Revestment era.
David Reid
David Reid, one of His Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry into the state of the Isle of Man in 1791 and 1792.
The commission came out of a letter from the Secretary of State at Whitehall dated 8 September 1791, directing the commissioners to proceed to the Island for the purpose of obtaining the most accurate information upon various points respecting it. Reid sat with John Spranger, William Osgoode and William Roe, and on some of the business with William Grant as well. The Keys received them at their house in Castletown on 19 October 1791.
His name is at the foot of the record. The examinations that make up the fullest surviving account of how the old Manx constitution worked are each attested by the commissioners, Reid signing last: John Quayle the Clerk of the Rolls on the Great Inquest and on the records of the courts, John Taubman the Speaker on the House of Keys and the promulgation of Acts, Thomas Moore on imprisonment for debt and the sixpence a day a creditor must allow, and George Savage the Water Bailiff on his juries. The memorials came to the four of them by name: the Bishop and the Vicar-General on the ecclesiastical seats in Council, the merchants and shopkeepers of Castletown on the prohibition of foreign brandy and geneva, and the Duke of Atholl's own letters answering the charges against him.
Deemster Edward Christian
Edward Christian (1628-1693), Deemster of the Isle of Man, son of Deemster John Christian of Milntown and nephew of Illiam Dhone.
He is remembered for a court he refused to sit in. At the trial of William Christian in December 1662 he was acting as his father's deputy and assistant. When the Deputy-Governor sent a guard of soldiers to require the prisoner to come to the bar, and Christian refused to plead anything but the King's Act of Indemnity, the Deputy-Governor demanded the law of the Deemsters. The record notes that Deemster John Christian had not appeared, and that Mr Edward Christian his son and assistant had also forborne to sit in that court. Deemster Norris was left alone on the bench, craved the advice and assistance of the twenty-four Keys, and sentence of death was pronounced on 31 December 1662. Father and son had by then sailed for England to lay the case before the King.
The bench was made fit for the purpose before they went. Deemster Christian was removed and replaced by the Attorney-General, Hugh Cannell. Seven of the Keys were displaced by Lord Derby's own order and seven other persons appointed in their room.
His own affairs came apart after his death. He married Dorothy Wilson, and by his will of 1693 he desired that, subject to his widow's consent, their second son Edward Christian of Staple Inn should have Mullenlowne. His widow evidently did not approve, and after her death in 1695 Mullenlowne became the subject of a dispute between that son and his sister Margaret Christian, who was executrix to their mother's will.
Deemster John Lace
John Lace, Deemster for the southern district of the Isle of Man and afterwards First Deemster.
He came to the bench from the House of Keys. He was a member of the House in 1791, and it was he who certified the true copies taken from its journals for the Commissioners of Inquiry on 28 September that year, including the resolution of March 1765 by which the Keys had appointed commissioners at the Revestment. In July 1793 he was one of the witnesses to Bishop Claudius's instrument executed at St John's Chapel, with Edward Christian, John Crebbin and Henry Corlett.
By the end of the century he was Deemster for the south and living at Castletown, while John Frissell Crellin held the northern district from Orrisdale. Feltham, who set the two down side by side in his tour, remarked that he had not had the honour of knowing the former, though he was warm about the Crellins' hospitality.
His most public moment came in 1809 and it began in a theatre. Major-General William Stapleton, in what was described as a mere frolic, pushed a person at the theatre in Douglas, and an affray followed. Stapleton afterwards preferred charges against his Honour John Lace, by then His Majesty's First Deemster, and the Home Secretary ordered an investigation. Stapleton's case was printed, dated 21 October 1809, and runs to thirty pages.
Deemster Norris
Thomas Norris, Deemster of the Isle of Man, who pronounced sentence of death on Illiam Dhone and was imprisoned for it.
He gave the law before he gave the sentence. On 26 November 1662 the question was put to him in writing, over Richard Stevenson's signature: to declare under their hands what the law deemed against any person indicted for any manner of crime, of whatever nature, who refused or denied to come to the bar to receive his trial or abide the law of the Island. Norris answered that the law in such a case deemed such a person to be in the mercy of the Lord for life and goods, as they found by ancient records, and he signed it as Deemster. Robert Quayle, John Garrett, Thomas Fletcher, William Quayle, Robert Calcott, John Standish and Thomas Ratcliffe signed with him.
The trial followed on that opinion. When William Christian refused to plead anything but the King's Act of Indemnity, Deemster John Christian did not appear and his son Edward, acting as his assistant, forbore to sit, which left Norris alone on the bench. He craved the advice and assistance of the twenty-four Keys, and sentence of death was pronounced on 31 December 1662.
London reversed it and came after the judges. Ewan Christian, son of William, petitioned, and on the hearing of the case on 5 August 1663 full restitution of the estates was ordered to be made to the heir. The two Deemsters who had decreed Christian's death, Thomas Norris and Hugh Cannell, were ordered to be committed and to remain prisoners in the King's Bench, and to be proceeded against in the ordinary course of justice. The other parties who had been summoned were discharged.
He kept his place in ordinary business afterwards. He is one of the attesting witnesses, with Richard Stephenson, to the grant of Ballagilley and Hango Hill in Malew to trustees for the fund out of which King William's College grew.
Dorothy Pantin
Dorothy Pantin (28 June 1896 - 6 August 1985) was born in Douglas and became the Isle of Man's first woman medical doctor and surgeon, qualifying via the London School of Medicine in 1922 and returning to the Island in 1923. As honorary surgeon at Noble's Hospital from 1926, she performed the Island's first blood transfusion that year and its third (and second successful) Caesarean section in 1928, and oversaw the design of a new maternity building opened in 1939; during her career maternal mortality rates on the Island fell by more than half. She served as president of the Isle of Man's British Medical Association branch in 1937 and is commemorated with a plaque at Noble's Hospital and an Isle of Man postage stamp.
Doug Fargher
Doug Fargher (1926-1987), also known by the Manx name Doolish y Karagher, was a Manx language activist, author and radio personality central to the language's mid-20th-century revival. As a young man in the 1940s and 50s he cycled around the Island with fellow enthusiasts Walter Clarke and Leslie Quirk to learn from surviving elderly native Manx speakers, and he went on to compile the English-Manx Dictionary (1979), the first modern dictionary of the language.
Douglas Faragher
Douglas Faragher was a Manx figure connected to the Island's cultural life.
Duke of York
The Duke of York appears in connection with the governance of the Isle of Man during the eighteenth century.