Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653 to 1658. During the English Civil War, the Isle of Man was one of the last Royalist strongholds to fall; following the surrender of the Island in 1651, Parliament appointed Thomas Fairfax as Lord of Mann, and the Island was governed by Parliamentarian appointees, including the governor James Chaloner.